Chemistry and Technology of Explosives by Tadeusz Urbanski

Author:Tadeusz Urbanski
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Explosives; Pyrotechnics; Detonation; Deflagration; Combustion; Energetic Materials; Chemistry; Physics

WOXDNT

100XTNT

Fig. 68. Solubility of DNT and its molten mixtures with TNT in sulphuric acid of various concentrations (Orlova [2a]).

Another important factor governing the nitration of dinitrotoluene is the distribution of dinitrotoluene between the two phases: the organic phase consisting of trinitrotoluene (and dinitrotoluene) and the acid phase. The solubility of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in concentrated sulphuric acid is considerably diminished when 20-30% of trinitrotoluene is dissolved in the dinitrotoluene. Further addition of trinitrotoluene reduces the solubility to a lesser extent. This can be seen from Table 70 and Fig. 68.

NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE

315

The overall low solubility of nitro compounds in the acids causes the distribution coefficient of dinitrotoluene being very low (0.3-0.4). The distribution coefficient of dinitrotoluene when a 50 : 50 mixture of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and a- trinitrotoluene was

Table 70

SOLUBILITY OF 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE AND a- TRINITROTOLUENE MIXTURES IN SULPHURIC ACID

Table 71

COEFFICIENT OF DISTRIBUTION OF DINITROTOLUENE BETWEEN

THE MINERAL AND ORGANIC LAYERS

treated with 90% sulphuric acid at different temperatures is given in Table 71 and Fig. 69. Figure 70 shows the influence of the concentration of sulphuric acid at 90°C.

70

75

80 85 90°C

Fig. 69. Influence of the temperatur :

on the distribution coefficient R of,

DNT between the mineral and organi

layers (Orlova [2a]).

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